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New subdivision used after Lockwood (1991 Plast Reconstr Surg 6:1009-1018) and Herlin et al.(2015 Surg Radiol Anat 37:731-741). Nowadays, most authors have agreed that the subcutaneous tissue consists of three main components, based on a concept by Lockwood (1991) who presented a superficial fascial system, focussing on the trunk and limbs: (1) the superficial adipose tissue; (2) an intermediate membranous later or superficial fascia, which can be either fibrous and/or muscular, and either single or multiple, this layer includes the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) of the face, and (3) the deep adipose tissue (Herlin et al. (2015).
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